linux:rust [Empuly.net]

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====== Rust cheatlist ======

===== Cargo =====

  * ''cargo new project_name'': Initializes a new Rust project named //project_name//  in the current directory.
  * ''cargo build'': Build program without optimizations. Output is stored in //./target/debug//.
  * ''cargo build –release'': Build program with runtime optimizations. Output is stored in //./target/release//.
===== Data types =====

  * Scalar types:
      * Integer: Internally represented in 2-components notation when signed (-(2<sup>n</sup>   ) -> 2<sup>n</sup>   -1)

^Length^Signed^Unsigned|
|8-bit|i8|u8|
|16-bit|i16|u16|
|32-bit|i32|u32|
|64-bit|i64|u64|
|128-bit|i128|u128|
|arch|isize|usize|

  * Floating point: ''f32'', ''f64''
  * Boolean: ''bool''
  * Character: ''char''
  * Compound types
  * Tuple: Fixed size (defined at declaration), elements may differ in type
      * ''let tup: (i32, f64, u8) = (500, 6.4, 1);''
      * Values can be retrieved by either pattern matching: ''let (x, y, z) = tup; %%//%% x, y and z are now accessible as variables''  or by using a period ''let x = tup.0;''
      * Array: Fixed size, elements should be of the same type
      * ''let a = [1, 2, 3];''
      * ''let a: [f64; 3] = [1.0, 2.0, 3.0];''
      * ''let a = [0; 5];'': Creates an array of size 5 with all elements initialized to 0
      * ''let first = a[0];'': Accessing elements of array
      * ''for element in a.iter() { … }'': Iterates over elements in array
      * Rust panics on index out of bounds situations

===== Variables =====

  * ''let foo = bar;'': Creates immutable variable ''foo''  and assigns it value ''bar''.
  * ''let mut foo = bar;'': Creates mutable variable ''foo''  and assigns it value ''bar''.
  * ''let foo: type = false;'': Creates immutable variable ''foo%''  with explicit type definition.
===== Functions =====

  * ''fn function_name() { … }''
  * ''fn function_name(x: i32, y: char) { … }'': Parameterized function
  * ''fn function_name(x: i32) → i32 { … }'': Function with return value. Returned value is last evaluated expression of the function body.
===== Terminology =====

  * Associated function: function implemented on a type rather than on a particular instance of the type. Similar as a //static method//  in Java.
  * Destructing: splitting a tuple in individual parts by pattern matching
  * Expression: instructions that evaluate to a resulting value. No semicolon at end of line!
  * Macro:
  * Prelude:
  * Statement: instructions that do not return a value
  * Trait:

===== Syntax =====

  * ''&var'': Passes ''var''  as a reference. Allows a function to access a variable without the need to copy it to the function's stack.
  * ''&mut var'': Passes ''var''  as a mutable reference. Allows a function to access and alter the variable's value.